Techniques and Technology’s

Hand Etching

Hand Etching is sometimes used on memorial grave stones, it has been going for over 20 years and it is a better technique then engraving as it does not dig into the stone and damage it, the best stone to use this one is black granites. These techniques back to the early 1900's. Hand etching in marble or granite is classed as a form of artwork today; it can be done on virtually every colour of polished stone such as glass and ceramic tile. 

Advantages – The advantages of this form of media is that it look very professional and clean, it can be done with cheaper materials and be used for many different events.

Disadvantages - The disadvantages include that this technique involves much skill that may take a way to get right.

Intaglio

Intaglio engraving is a type of process which makes prints; it was invented in Germany by the 1430s. Intaglio is a family of printmaking techniques in which the image is incised into a surface, known as the matrix or plate. Calligraphy may also be printed as intaglio plates.  To print an intaglio plates the process starts by applying ink to the surface and then rubbed with tarlatan cloth. The final wipe down is to smooth the surface, it is conducted with paper. A damp piece of paper is placed on top with the plate and papers are run through a printing press.

Advantages - The advantages of intaglio is that it has a very beautiful end result which is worth the effort.

Disadvantages - This process of printing takes a lot of time, effort and skill with the specialised equipment needed.

Screen Printing

Screen printing is a type of printing method which uses a woven mesh to hold an ink-blocking. The attached stencil open areas of mesh that transfer ink which can be pressed through the mesh as a sharp-edged image onto a substrate. A roller or squeegee is moved across the screen stencil, forcing ink past the threads of the woven mesh in the open areas. Screen printing can also be done on silk or other fine mesh.

Advantages - This method of printing can be used on many different materials which can create many different effects.

Disadvantages - There is a lot if skill in this process which might take a while to master for ammeter printers.

Wood Cut

 

Wood cut is a method of printing from a block of wood by cutting along the grain; the block is carved into an image so that it stands out in relief. The relief is there to let the ink stand out to press and placing the inked block against a sheet of paper by applying pressure by hand. Woodblock printing was used in Europe from the twelfth century, at first for printing textiles, though images were printed on paper by the late fourteenth century.

Advantages - It creates a beautiful image on the paper which can be repeated to make a continues pattern such as wallpaper.

Disadvantages - There is a lot of skill involved to create an intriguing block to start the printing, as you have to carve the detailing in the block of wood.

Letterpress

 

Letterpress is a relief printing processes used for books and newspapers. The letterpress printing holds the image to be printed above the non-printing background. The raised surface is inked by rollers and then paper is pressed against the printing plate to make the impression which can be repeated. This can be made quickly and cheaply as the relief process has the added advantage as it does not need to maintain an ink and water balance.

Advantages - Letterpress is a good quality printing type, it uses dense ink which creates a high quality results but to do this it needs quality paper.

Disadvantage - The Letterpress process involves a big press which has been taken out of service. Letterpress was the dominant printing process for books and newspapers until the mid 1960s but now hot metal typesetting and letterpress have almost disappeared.

Gravure Printing

 

Gravure printing is a high quality printing which creates a sharp and  a fine image. Web-fed gravure presses account for most publication including packaging and product gravure printing. These presses are custom manufactured with machines designed for a specific range of products this consists of multiple print units. The printing mechanism in a rotogravure press consists of a gravure cylinder and a smaller, rubber clad impression cylinder.

Advantages - You can use this method of printing on all different resources such as wall paper, raping paper, panelling, greeting cards and magazines.

Disadvantages -This process of printing is that it is very expensive, and will only be available for big companies to use to develop their products.

Screen Process; Digital Photography

 

Photography uses foremost radiation in the UV, visible and near-IR spectrum. Light reflected from objects forms a real image on light sensitive area. The result on film is a latent image which is developed into a visual image that can be turned into an image which can be put on a paper base that is known as a print. Photography has many uses for business, science, manufacturing, art, and recreational purposes.

Advantages - The advantages of photography is that the techniques can be used for many different things such as it can be helpful for different jobs by using advertisement and doing research which can help science.

Disadvantages - The disadvantages of photography is that it takes a while to get a amazing picture which could be used in the work situation or for scientific reasons due to the problems with lighting and positions.

Laser Printing

 

Laser printing is a used by a type of computer which prints rapidly to produces high quality text and graphics on plain paper or other materials. With digital photocopiers and multifunction printers it producers different source of printing at high quality, the laser printers employ a xerographic printing process but this differs from a analogue photocopiers as the image produces a direct scanning of a laser beam which light across the printer's photoreceptor.

Advantages - This process of printing is so much faster than a normal printer and it producer the picture at a higher quality.

Disadvantages - Laser printer is unable to work with large amount of data because such a large amount of data needs to output to the printing device in a rapid, continuous process.

Inkjet Printer

 

An inkjet printer is a different type of computer printer which creates a digital image, it does the by propelling variable-sized droplets of ink on to paper. Inkjet printers are the most commonly used type of printer which ranges from small inexpensive consumer models to very large professional machines that can be used commercially.

Advantages - The advantages are that the Inkjet print type provides much better long-term durability and ultraviolet resistance.

Disadvantages - The Disadvantages with Inkjet are the there can be problems with inkjet inks are the conflicting requirements for colouring agent that will stay on the surface. Desktop Publishing

 

Desktop publishing combines a personal computer and WYSIWYG page layout software to
create publication documents on a computer for either large scale publishing or small scale or local multifunction peripheral output and distribution.

Advantages - The skills of the software is not limited to paper and book publishing. The same
skills and software are often used to create graphics for point of sale displays, promotional
items, trade show exhibits, retail package designs and outdoor signs.

Disadvantages - It still provides extensive features necessary for print publishing, modern word processors now have publishing capabilities beyond those of many older DTP applications, blurring the line between word processing and desktop publishing.

Digital Screen Printing

 

Digital screen printing is a process of copying the information on your desktop screen, this
method is used to help people understand how someone has gone about how they have
created a product, such as editing a photo. This method is also used to copy extra images as
prove of an item such as a video of YouTube.

Advantages - This method can be used to copy anything and everything, it is very easy to use
and it gives instant results.

Disadvantages - The print screen method carries allot of unwanted images such as tool bars, other documents open and software, many people may think this look scruff and unprofessional.